1780
The Hurricane Season of 1780 was one of the worst in recorded history. The storm which destroyed the Windward Islands from this date through the 12th is the deadliest ever in recorded Atlantic history. It became known simply as the "Great Hurricane of 1780." It is believed that 22,000 people perished in the week long rampage. 9,000 died on the island of Martinique, 5,000 in Eustatius and 4,000 in Barbados. Thousands more died at sea. It was just one of three deadly hurricanes that month. The first week of the month saw a hurricane strike Jamaica, killing 1,000 people. The eastern Gulf of Mexico was hit later that month, and 2,000 were killed. The October storms hampered much of the British and Spanish Navies and aided the colonies in the American Revolution.
1846
The Great Hurricane of 1846 struck Cuba. The pressure over the island dropped to 916 millibars or 27.06 inHg. 92 vessels in the Havana Harbor was sunk, wrecked, dismasted or severely damaged. The storm went on to wreak great havoc at Key West, FL. Fort Taylor, FL was reportedly reduced to ruins.
1875
An intense rainstorm deluged Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada with 4.3 inches causing flooded roads and bridges either washed out or destroyed.
1894
A hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico came ashore in the Florida panhandle then moved up the east coast over the coastal land regions, passing only about 20 miles southeast of Atlantic City, NJ, where it weakened to a tropical storm. Atlantic City and New York City measured wind gusts to 60 mph. Although a tropical storm as it entered Rhode Island, Block Island measured a wind gust to 100 mph.
1921
The Netherlands' hottest October day occurred as the high temperature at Sittard reached 86°.
1925
Weekend football games were played in deep snow across New England as up to two feet fell in northern Vermont and New Hampshire.
1928
The temperature at Minneapolis, MN reached 90°, their latest such reading on record.
1949
A rapidly deepening area of low pressure moved north through the Dakotas. It produced gale to hurricane force winds across much of Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Michigan, and the Dakotas. Sustained 1-minute winds reached 85 mph at Rochester, MN and 79 mph at La Crosse, WI during the early afternoon. Winds gusts were as high as 100 mph. This produced extensive damage to buildings and power lines. In addition, many corn crops were flattened.
1954
Heavy rains continued for a second day across parts of northern Illinois. Up to 5 inches of rain created havoc as traffic was cut off by flooded underpasses and communication and power were seriously affected. Many people had to be evacuated. A small tornado was also reported. Flood damage from the two day event was estimated at $25 million dollars in the Chicago area and at least $10 million dollars in Chicago.
1960
A cyclone devastated Eastern Pakistan, killing 6,000 people.
1962
Severe thunderstorms brought very destructive hail to Bryan County, in southeast Oklahoma. Hail up to the size of golf balls broke more than half the windows of the businesses in downtown Durant, shattered many car windshields, broke out 1,400 panes of glass in seven greenhouses, and broke electrical insulators, resulting in widespread power outages.
1973
15 to 20 inches of rain deluged north central Oklahoma in 13 hours producing record flooding. The town of Enid was drenched with 15.68 inches of rain from nearly stationary thunderstorms, which established a state 24 hour rainfall record. Up to 150 homes were damaged by flooding at Dover, OK.
1979
An area of low pressure developed on a strong cold front that settled along the Mid-Atlantic Coast with an unseasonably cold air mass in place behind. An area of low pressure developed over the Carolinas providing the moisture and snow with the cold air in place. Two strong areas of upper level low pressure extended from James Bay into eastern Canada with a deep trough digging all the way to the Gulf Coast. Snow was widespread from New England to the Mid-Atlantic as the 540 (rain-snow) line on the 1000-500 millibar map cutting right along the I-95 corridor from Richmond into New England. The World Series Game between the Baltimore Orioles and the Pittsburgh Pirates had to be postponed. The day before high pressure off the Mid-Atlantic Coast provided a southwest flow with temperatures across the Mid-Atlantic in the 60s and 70s. As the front moved through, temperatures fell steadily during the overnight hours and snow developed during the morning commute on the 10th. Accumulations from Philadelphia to the Baltimore-Washington area ranged from a trace to as much as 3 inches; mainly north and west of the metro areas. Upper level energy was strong enough that thunder and lightning accompanied the heavier bursts mid-morning. Snow had tapered off during the late morning and ended by lunchtime.
The heaviest snow occurred across parts of Massachusetts. The Blue Hill Observatory at Milton, MA reported 7 inches. Many locations saw their earliest snow (trace or measurable) on record including: Worcester, MA: 7.5 inches (earliest measurable snow up to that time), Providence, RI: 2.5 inches (earliest measurable snow), Philadelphia, PA: 2.1 inches (earliest measurable snow), Windsor Lock, CT: 1.7 inches (earliest measurable snow), Sterling (Dulles Airport), VA: 1.3 inches (earliest & greatest October snow), Concord, NH: 1 inch (earliest snow), Baltimore (BWI-Marshall Airport), MD: 0.3 inches (earliest measurable snow), Washington, D.C. (Reagan National Airport): 0.3 inches (earliest measurable snow), Boston, MA: 0.2 inches (earliest measurable snow), New York (Central Park), NY: Trace (earliest snow), Newark, NJ: Trace (earliest snow) and Richmond, VA: Trace (earliest snow).
The morning started with some record lows including: Boston, MA: 32°, Providence, RI: 32°-Tied, Philadelphia, PA: 33°, Bridgeport, CT: 33°, Baltimore, MD: 34°, Newark, NJ: 35°, New York (Kennedy Airport), NY: 35° and New York (LaGuardia Airport), NY: 36°.
The afternoon temperatures did not warm up much with many locations reporting record low daily maximums including: Milton, MA: 36°, Worcester, MA: 36°, Boston, MA: 39°, Portland, ME: 41°, Concord, NH: 41°, Hartford, CT: 41°, Philadelphia, PA: 42°, New York (Kennedy Airport), NY: 43°, Atlantic City, NJ: 43°, Bridgeport, CT: 44°, Sterling (Dulles Airport), VA: 44° (broke previous record by 11 degrees), Providence, RI: 44°-Tied, Wilmington, DE: 45°, Newark, NJ: 46°, New York (LaGuardia Airport), NY: 47°, Baltimore, MD: 47°, Lynchburg, VA: 49°-Tied, Richmond, VA: 51° and Wallops Island, VA: 55°.
1982
Beginning on the 8th through this date, record amounts of snow piled up in the northern Black Hills in South Dakota. Not only was the storm a record breaker because it came so early in the season, it was a record snowfall producer for anytime of year. Amounts of 3 to 6 feet were common across the northern hills. On the 9th, 32 inches of snow buriedn the town of Lead. The 32 inches that day is the most on record for a 24 hour period in South Dakota. Lead's three day storm total of 55.3 inches is the largest single storm total on record in South Dakota.
1987
Canadian high pressure brought record chill to the north central and parts of the southeastern U.S. Record low temperatures for the date included Chester, MT: 6°, Boulder, MT: 7°, Fort Benton, MT: 9°, Havre, MT: 11°, Lewistown, MT: 12°, Grass Range, MT: 12°, Helena, MT: 15°, Huron, SD: 15°, Dillon, MT: 15°, Kalispell, MT: 16°, Livingston, MT: 17°, Sioux Falls, SD: 18°, St. Cloud, MN: 19°, Billings, MT: 21°, Rochester, MN: 22°, Marquette, MI: 23°, Lincoln, NE: 24°, Minneapolis, MN: 25°-Tied, Denver, CO: 27°-Tied and Macon, GA: 43°.
Light snow was reported as far south as Kansas.
1988
Sunny and mild weather prevailed across the nation for Columbus Day. The afternoon high of 77° at Kalispell, MT was the warmest reading on record for so late in the autumn season.
Thunderstorms developing along a cold front produced wind gusts to 56 mph at Lorain, OH. Snowflakes were observed at Milwaukee, WI around midday, but quickly changed to rain as afternoon readings quickly rose into the lower 60s.
1989
Torrential rains developed along the upper Florida east coast north of a stationary front. Rain amounts between 6 and 16 inches occurred along the coast. This resulted in widespread flooding of streets and structures. At St. Augustine, where the greatest rain total was recorded, 16.08 inches, extensive flooding occurred in homes and businesses, and caused the closing of many streets that had over three feet of standing water. Considerable road and property damage resulted.
Cities from South Carolina to New England reported record low temperatures for the date as temperatures dipped into the 30s as far south as parts of the Carolinas. Record lows included: Concord, NH: 23°-Tied, Worcester, MA: 27°-Tied, Hartford, CT: 29°, Atlantic City, NJ: 30°, Islip, NY: 33°, Bristol, TN: 34°, Oak Ridge, TN: 37°, Wallops Island, VA: 38°, Columbia, SC: 38°-Tied and Norfolk, VA: 39°-Tied.
1990
Tropical Storm Marco formed in the Gulf of Mexico, just west of Key West during the afternoon. By 5pm ET the next day Marco was downgraded to a depression just south of Cedar Key. Most of the damage was downed trees and power lines, some coastal flooding and beach erosion. There were two small tornadoes spawned on the afternoon of 11th. The highest wind gust during the storm was 85 mph on the Sunshine Skyway Bridge across Tampa Bay.
1991
A ridge of high pressure produced record heat across parts of the west.
Sacramento, California hit 100°. This set three records:
- The high of 100° broke the old daily record by 7 degrees.
- The high was the warmest temperature for so late in the season and
- The latest 100° reading on record.
2000
A deep upper level low over the northeast and trough produced record cold extending from the Midwest, southern Plains to the southeast. Charlotte, NC dropped to 30°, setting a record for the earliest temperature below freezing.
Locations that reported daily record lows included: Sioux City, IA: 24°, Springfield, MO: 27°, Bristol, TN: 27°, Wichita, KS: 29°, Oklahoma City, OK: 30°, Knoxville, TN: 30°, Nashville, TN: 30°, Oak Ridge, TN: 30°, Paducah, KY: 30°-Tied, Huntsville, AL: 31°, Augusta, GA: 31° (broke previous record by 10 degrees), Raleigh, NC: 31°, Jackson, KY: 32°, Fort Smith, AR: 32°, Tupelo, MS: 32°, Columbia, SC: 32°, Islip, NY: 32°, Chattanooga, TN: 33°, Athens, GA: 33°, Greensboro, NC: 33°, Little Rock, AR: 34°, Macon, GA: 34°, Charleston, SC: 35° (broke the previous record by 10 degrees), Midland-Odessa, TX: 36°, Memphis, TN: 36°, Meridian, MS: 36°, Montgomery, AL: 36°, Atlanta, GA: 36°, Savannah, GA: 36°, Wilmington, NC: 36°, Birmingham, AL: 36°-Tied, Shreveport, LA: 38°, El Paso, TX: 38°-Tied, Wallops Island, VA: 38°-Tied, Dallas, TX: 39°, Tallahassee, FL: 39°, Columbus, GA: 40°, Brownsville, TX: 44°, Corpus Christi, TX: 44°, Jacksonville, FL: 46°, Tampa, FL: 52°, Orlando, FL: 53°, Daytona Beach, FL: 54° and Fort Myers, FL: 54°.
An early season storm brought several inches of snow to the central and southern Sierra Nevada in California. Some amounts included Lodgepole: 10 inches, Mount Tom: 8 inches, Huntington Lake: 5 inches and Tuolumne Meadows with 4 inches. In the Valley, over an inch of rain fell in some areas, including Fresno, resulting in the closure of the Fresno Fair for the first time since 1922. The rain caused numerous flooding problems in Fresno and ceilings to collapse in buildings in Tulare.
2008
On this date through the 13th, a significant winter storm brought heavy wet snow to parts of the northern Rockies. Red Lodge, MT along the Beartooth Foothills recorded their highest 24-hour snowfall total with 42 inches. Glasgow, MT also set a new record on the 12th when 12.8 inches fell. Areas around Billings, MT saw between 13 and 22 inches. Numerous trees and power lines were downed.
2009
Nome, AK experienced their first ever October thunderstorm (also first Autumn) with five lightning strikes between 8pm and 9pm ADT.
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